Contenidos
Capacity Planning
->Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Measure CPU usage
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, CPU | Format-Custom
->->->Measure memory usage
Get-Process | Select-Object WorkingSet
@(Get-Process) | Select-Object WorkingSet
@(Get-Process).where{$_.WorkingSet -gt 100MB}
@(Get-Process).where{$_.WS -gt 100MB}
->->->Measure disk I/O
$query = "SELECT * FROM Win32_PerfRawData_PerfProc_Process"
Get-WMIObject -Query $query
->->->Measure network I/O
Get-NetAdapterStatistics
Get-NetAdapterStatistics | Select-Object *
->->->Measure firewalling and routing throughput
Get-NetFirewallAddressFilter
Get-NetFirewallApplicationFilter
Get-NetFirewallInterfaceFilter
Get-NetFirewallInterfaceTypeFilter
Get-NetFirewallPortFilter
Get-NetFirewallProfile
Get-NetFirewallRule
Get-NetFirewallSecurityFilter
Get-NetFirewallServiceFilter
Get-NetFirewallSetting
->->->Map client bandwidth usage
Get-WmiObject -class Win32_PerfFormattedData_Tcpip_NetworkInterface |select BytesTotalPersec, CurrentBandwidth,PacketsPersec|where {$_.PacketsPersec -gt 0}
->->->Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
Get-EventLog
->->->Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking
Get-Process | Select-Object Name, CPU | Format-Custom
Get-Process | Select-Object WorkingSet
Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_PhysicalMemoryArray"
->->The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
->->->iostat
Get-counter
Get-counter -Counter "\\lamiw81\disco físico(_total)\longitud actual de la cola de disco"
->->->netstat
Get-NetNeighbor
Get-NetAdapterStatistics
Get-NetRoute
Get-NetTCPConnection
Get-NetUDPEndpoint
->->->w
Get-WmiObject win32_process |% {Write-Host $_.processname $_.getowner().user}
->->->top
Get-Process
->->->sar
Get-Process
->->->processes blocked on I/O
(Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfProc_Process)
(Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfOS_memory)
->->->blocks out
(Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfProc_Process)
(Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfOS_memory)
->->->vmstat
Get-Process
->->->pstree, ps
Get-Process
->->->Isof
(Get-WmiObject win32_process) | Select-Object Name,CommandLine
Get-WmiObject win32_process | Select-Object Path,ExecutablePath,ProcessName
Get-Process -Module
->->->uptime
Get-CimInstance -ClassName win32_operatingsystem | select csname, lastbootuptime
Get-WmiObject win32_operatingsystem | select csname, @{LABEL='LastBootUpTime';EXPRESSION={$_.ConverttoDateTime($_.lastbootuptime)}}
->->->swap
Get-Process | Select-Object PagedMemorySize64,NonpagedSystemMemorySize,NonpagedSystemMemorySize64,PagedMemorySize64,PagedSystemMemorySize,PagedSystemMemorySize64,PeakPagedMemorySize,PeakPagedMemorySize64,PeakWorkingSet,PeakWorkingSet64,PeakVirtualMemorySize,PeakVirtualMemorySize64
->->->blocks in
(Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfProc_Process)
(Get-WmiObject Win32_PerfFormattedData_PerfOS_memory)
->Predict Future Resource Needs
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Use collectd to monitor IT infrastructure usage
->->->Predict capacity break point of a configuration
->->->Observe growth rate of capacity usage
->->->Graph the trend of capacity usage
->->->Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Nagios, MRTG and Cacti
->->The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
->->->diagnose
->->->predict growth
->->->resource exhaustion
Linux Kernel
->Kernel Components
->->Key Knowledge Areas
->->->Kernel 2.6.x documentation
->->->Kernel 3.x documentation
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/usr/src/linux/
->->->zImage
->->->/usr/src/linux/Documentation/
->->->bzImage
->Compiling a kernel
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->/usr/src/linux/
->->->Kernel Makefiles
->->->Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets
->->->Customize the current kernel configuration.
->->->Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
->->->Install a new kernel and any modules.
->->->Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
->->->Module configuration files
->->->Awareness of dracut
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->mkinitrd
->->->mkinitramfs
->->->make
->->->bzip2
->->->make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)
->->->gzip
->->->module tool
->->->/usr/src/linux/.confi
->->->/lib/modules/kernel-version/
->->->depmod
->Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules
->->->Manually load and unload kernel modules
->->->Determine when modules can be unloaded
->->->Determine what parameters a module accepts
->->->Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
->->->/proc filesystem
->->->Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
->->->Tools and utilities to analyze information about the available hardware
->->->udev rules
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep
->->->module configuration files in /etc/
->->->/proc/sys/kernel/
->->->/sbin/depmod
->->->/sbin/rmmod
->->->/sbin/modinfo
->->->/bin/dmesg
->->->/sbin/lspci
->->->/usr/bin/lsdev
->->->/sbin/lsmod
->->->/sbin/modprobe
->->->/sbin/insmod
->->->/bin/uname
->->->/usr/bin/lsusb
->->->/etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/
->->->/sbin/sysctl
->->->udevmonitor
->->->udevadm monitor
->->->/etc/udev/
System Startup
->Customizing SysV->init system startup
Get-WmiObject -Class win32_startupCommand
Get-WmiObject -Query "Select StartMode From Win32_Service Where Name='winmgmt'"
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)
->->->SysV init environment
->->Terms and Utilities:
New-ScheduledTaskAction
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger
Register-ScheduledTask
->->->/etc/inittab
->->->/etc/init.d/
->->->/etc/rc.d/
->->->chkconfig
->->->update-rc.d
->->->init and telinit
->System Recovery
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->GRUB version 2 and Legacy
->->->Grub shell
->->->Boot loader start and hand off to kernel
->->->Kernel loading
->->->Hardware initialization and setup
->->->Daemon/service initialization and setup
->->->Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device
->->->Overwriting standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells
->->->Awareness of UEFI
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->mount
->->->fsck
->->->inittab, telinit and init with SysV init
->->->the contents of /boot/ and /boot/grub/
->->->GRUB
->->->grub-install
->->->initrd, initramfs
->->->Master boot record
->Alternate Bootloaders
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->LILO
->->->SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX
->->->Understanding of PXE
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->lilo, /etc/lilo.conf
->->->syslinux
->->->extlinux
->->->isolinux.bin
->->->isolinux.cfg
->->->pxelinux.0
->->->pxelinux.cfg/
Filesystem and Devices
->Operating the Linux filesystem
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->The concept of the fstab configuration
->->->Tools and utilities for handling SWAP partitions and files
->->->Use of UUIDs
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/etc/fstab
->->->/etc/mtab
->->->/proc/mounts
->->->mount and umount
->->->sync
->->->swapon
->->->swapoff
->Maintaining a Linux filesystem
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
->->->Tools and utilities to manipulate xfs
->->->Awareness of Btrfs
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->fsck (fsck.)
->->->mkfs (mkfs.)
->->->dumpe2fs, xfsdump, xfsrestore
->->->debugfs
->->->tune2fs
->->->mkswap
->->->xfs_info, xfs_check and xfs_repair
->->->smartd, smartctl
->Creating and configuring filesystem options
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->autofs configuration files
->->->UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
->->->Awareness of CD-ROM filesystems (UDF, ISO9660, HFS)
->->->Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
->->->Basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/etc/auto.master
->->->/etc/auto.[dir]
->->->mkisofs
Advanced Storage Device Administration
->Configuring RAID
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Software raid configuration files and utilities
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->mdadm.conf
->->->mdadm
->->->/proc/mdstat
->->->partition type 0xFD
->Adjusting Storage Device Access
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
->->->Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyze system resources (e.g. interrupts)
->->->Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
->->->Tools and utilities for iSCSI
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->hdparm, sdparm
->->->tune2fs
->->->sysctl
->->->/dev/hd*, /dev/sd*
->->->iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf
->->->WWID, WWN, LUN numbers
->Logical Volume Manager
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Tools in the LVM suite
->->->Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
->->->Creating and maintaining snapshots
->->->Activating volume groups
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/sbin/pv*
->->->/sbin/lv*
->->->/sbin/vg*
->->->mount
->->->/dev/mapper/
Networking Configuration
->Basic networking configuration
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
->->->Configuring basic access to wireless networks with iw, iwconfig and iwlist
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/sbin/route
Get-NetRoute
->->->/sbin/ifconfig
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Get-NetIPv6Protocol
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias Wi-Fi -IPAddress 192.168.1.56 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1
->->->/sbin/ip
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Get-NetIPv6Protocol
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias Wi-Fi -IPAddress 192.168.1.56 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1
->->->/usr/sbin/arp
Get-NetAdapter | Select-Object Name,MacAddress
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | Select-Object Description,MACAddress
Get-NetNeighbor
->->->/sbin/iwconfig
->->->/sbin/iwlist
->Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Utilities to manipulate routing tables
->->->Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
->->->Utilities to analyze the status of the network devices
->->->Utilities to monitor and analyze the TCP/IP traffic
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/sbin/route
Get-NetRoute
->->->/sbin/ifconfig
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Get-NetIPv6Protocol
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias Wi-Fi -IPAddress 192.168.1.56 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1
->->->/bin/netstat
Get-NetTCPConnection
Get-NetTCPConnection | Group State, RemotePort | Sort Count | FT Count, Name –Autosize
Get-NetTCPConnection | ? State -eq Established | FT –Autosize
Get-NetTCPConnection | ? State -eq Established | ? RemoteAddress -notlike 127* | % { $_; Resolve-DnsName $_.RemoteAddress -type PTR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue}
Get-NetUDPEndpoint
->->->/bin/ping
Test-NetConnection
Test-NetConnection www.jesusninoc.com
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName www.jesusninoc.com -InformationLevel Detailed
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName www.jesusninoc.com | Select -ExpandProperty PingReplyDetails | FT Address, Status, RoundTripTime
1..100 | % { Test-NetConnection -ComputerName www.jesusninoc.com -RemotePort 80 } | FT -AutoSize
->->->/usr/sbin/arp
Get-NetAdapter | Select-Object Name,MacAddress
Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_NetworkAdapterConfiguration | Select-Object Description,MACAddress
Get-NetNeighbor
->->->/usr/sbin/tcpdump
->->->/usr/sbin/lsof
Get-NetTCPConnection
Get-NetTCPConnection | Group State, RemotePort | Sort Count | FT Count, Name –Autosize
Get-NetTCPConnection | ? State -eq Established | FT –Autosize
Get-NetTCPConnection | ? State -eq Established | ? RemoteAddress -notlike 127* | % { $_; Resolve-DnsName $_.RemoteAddress -type PTR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue}
Get-NetUDPEndpoint
->->->/usr/bin/nc
->->->/sbin/ip
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Get-NetIPv6Protocol
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias Wi-Fi -IPAddress 192.168.1.56 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1
->->->nmap
->Troubleshooting Network Issues
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Location and content of access restriction files
->->->Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
->->->Utilities to manage routing tables
->->->Utilities to list network states.
->->->Utilities to gain information about the network configuration
->->->Methods of information about the recognized and used hardware devices
->->->System initialization files and their contents (SysV init process)
->->->Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/sbin/ifconfig
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Get-NetIPv6Protocol
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias Wi-Fi -IPAddress 192.168.1.56 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1
->->->/sbin/route
Get-NetRoute
->->->/bin/netstat
Get-NetTCPConnection
Get-NetTCPConnection | Group State, RemotePort | Sort Count | FT Count, Name –Autosize
Get-NetTCPConnection | ? State -eq Established | FT –Autosize
Get-NetTCPConnection | ? State -eq Established | ? RemoteAddress -notlike 127* | % { $_; Resolve-DnsName $_.RemoteAddress -type PTR -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue}
Get-NetUDPEndpoint
->->->/etc/network/, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
Get-NetIPv4Protocol
Get-NetIPv6Protocol
New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceAlias Wi-Fi -IPAddress 192.168.1.56 -PrefixLength 24 -DefaultGateway 192.168.1.1
->->->/bin/ping
Test-NetConnection
Test-NetConnection www.jesusninoc.com
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName www.jesusninoc.com -InformationLevel Detailed
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName www.jesusninoc.com | Select -ExpandProperty PingReplyDetails | FT Address, Status, RoundTripTime
1..100 | % { Test-NetConnection -ComputerName www.jesusninoc.com -RemotePort 80 } | FT -AutoSize
->->->System log files such as /var/log/syslog & /var/log/messages
Get-EventLog -LogName System -EntryType Error, Warning -After (Get-Date).AddDays(-1)
->->->/etc/resolv.conf
->->->/etc/hosts
->->->/etc/hostname, /etc/HOSTNAME
->->->/bin/hostname
->->->/usr/sbin/traceroute
Test-NetConnection –TraceRoute
->->->/bin/dmesg
->->->/etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
System Maintenance
->Make and install programs from source
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities
->->->Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs
->->->Apply parameters to a configure script
->->->Know where sources are stored by default
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/usr/src/
->->->gunzip
Compress-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\example.txt –CompressionLevel Optimal -DestinationPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip
Expand-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip -DestinationPath C:\powershell\descomprimir
->->->gzip
Compress-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\example.txt –CompressionLevel Optimal -DestinationPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip
Expand-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip -DestinationPath C:\powershell\descomprimir
->->->bzip2
Compress-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\example.txt –CompressionLevel Optimal -DestinationPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip
Expand-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip -DestinationPath C:\powershell\descomprimir
->->->tar
Compress-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\example.txt –CompressionLevel Optimal -DestinationPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip
Expand-Archive -LiteralPath C:\powershell\comprimido.zip -DestinationPath C:\powershell\descomprimir
->->->configure
->->->make
->->->uname
->->->install
->->->patch
->Backup operations
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Knowledge about directories that have to be include in backups
->->->Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula and BackupPC
->->->Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media
->->->Perform partial and manual backups
->->->Verify the integrity of backup files
->->->Partially or fully restore backups
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/bin/sh
->->->dd
->->->tar
->->->/dev/st* and /dev/nst*
->->->mt
->->->rsync
->Notify users on system->related issues
->->Key Knowledge Areas:
->->->Automate communication with users through logon messages
->->->Inform active users of system maintenance
->->Terms and Utilities:
->->->/etc/issue
->->->/etc/issue.net
->->->/etc/motd
->->->wall
->->->/sbin/shutdown
$equipo='.'
(get-wmiobject -class win32_operatingsystem -computername $equipo).win32shutdown(12)