Contenidos
Capacity Planning
- Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Measure CPU usage
- Measure memory usage
- Measure disk I/O
- Measure network I/O
- Measure firewalling and routing throughput
- Map client bandwidth usage
- Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
- Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- iostat
- netstat
- w
- top
- sar
- processes blocked on I/O
- blocks out
- vmstat
- pstree, ps
- Isof
- uptime
- swap
- blocks in
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Predict Future Resource Needs
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Use collectd to monitor IT infrastructure usage
- Predict capacity break point of a configuration
- Observe growth rate of capacity usage
- Graph the trend of capacity usage
- Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Nagios, MRTG and Cacti
- The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
- diagnose
- predict growth
- resource exhaustion
- Key Knowledge Areas:
Linux Kernel
- Kernel Components
- Key Knowledge Areas
- Kernel 2.6.x documentation
- Kernel 3.x documentation
- Terms and Utilities:
- /usr/src/linux/
- zImage
- /usr/src/linux/Documentation/
- bzImage
- Key Knowledge Areas
- Compiling a kernel
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- /usr/src/linux/
- Kernel Makefiles
- Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets
- Customize the current kernel configuration.
- Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
- Install a new kernel and any modules.
- Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
- Module configuration files
- Awareness of dracut
- Terms and Utilities:
- mkinitrd
- mkinitramfs
- make
- bzip2
- make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)
- gzip
- module tool
- /usr/src/linux/.confi
- /lib/modules/kernel-version/
- depmod
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules
- Manually load and unload kernel modules
- Determine when modules can be unloaded
- Determine what parameters a module accepts
- Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
- /proc filesystem
- Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
- Tools and utilities to analyze information about the available hardware
- udev rules
- Terms and Utilities:
- /lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep
- module configuration files in /etc/
- /proc/sys/kernel/
- /sbin/depmod
- /sbin/rmmod
- /sbin/modinfo
- /bin/dmesg
- /sbin/lspci
- /usr/bin/lsdev
- /sbin/lsmod
- /sbin/modprobe
- /sbin/insmod
- /bin/uname
- /usr/bin/lsusb
- /etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/
- /sbin/sysctl
- udevmonitor
- udevadm monitor
- /etc/udev/
- Key Knowledge Areas:
System Startup
- Customizing SysV- init system startup
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)
- SysV init environment
- Terms and Utilities:
- /etc/inittab
- /etc/init.d/
- /etc/rc.d/
- chkconfig
- update-rc.d
- init and telinit
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- System Recovery
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- GRUB version 2 and Legacy
- Grub shell
- Boot loader start and hand off to kernel
- Kernel loading
- Hardware initialization and setup
- Daemon/service initialization and setup
- Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device
- Overwriting standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells
- Awareness of UEFI
- Terms and Utilities:
- mount
- fsck
- inittab, telinit and init with SysV init
- the contents of /boot/ and /boot/grub/
- GRUB
- grub-install
- initrd, initramfs
- Master boot record
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Alternate Bootloaders
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- LILO
- SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX
- Understanding of PXE
- Terms and Utilities:
- lilo, /etc/lilo.conf
- syslinux
- extlinux
- isolinux.bin
- isolinux.cfg
- pxelinux.0
- pxelinux.cfg/
- Key Knowledge Areas:
Filesystem and Devices
- Operating the Linux filesystem
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- The concept of the fstab configuration
- Tools and utilities for handling SWAP partitions and files
- Use of UUIDs
- Terms and Utilities:
- /etc/fstab
- /etc/mtab
- /proc/mounts
- mount and umount
- sync
- swapon
- swapoff
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Maintaining a Linux filesystem
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
- Tools and utilities to manipulate xfs
- Awareness of Btrfs
- Terms and Utilities:
- fsck (fsck.*)
- mkfs (mkfs.*)
- dumpe2fs, xfsdump, xfsrestore
- debugfs
- tune2fs
- mkswap
- xfs_info, xfs_check and xfs_repair
- smartd, smartctl
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Creating and configuring filesystem options
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- autofs configuration files
- UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
- Awareness of CD-ROM filesystems (UDF, ISO9660, HFS)
- Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
- Basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems
- Terms and Utilities:
- /etc/auto.master
- /etc/auto.[dir]
- mkisofs
- Key Knowledge Areas:
Advanced Storage Device Administration
- Configuring RAID
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Software raid configuration files and utilities
- Terms and Utilities:
- mdadm.conf
- mdadm
- /proc/mdstat
- partition type 0xFD
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Adjusting Storage Device Access
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
- Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyze system resources (e.g. interrupts)
- Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
- Tools and utilities for iSCSI
- Terms and Utilities:
- hdparm, sdparm
- tune2fs
- sysctl
- /dev/hd*, /dev/sd*
- iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf
- WWID, WWN, LUN numbers
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Logical Volume Manager
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Tools in the LVM suite
- Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
- Creating and maintaining snapshots
- Activating volume groups
- Terms and Utilities:
- /sbin/pv*
- /sbin/lv*
- /sbin/vg*
- mount
- /dev/mapper/
- Key Knowledge Areas:
Networking Configuration
- Basic networking configuration
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
- Configuring basic access to wireless networks with iw, iwconfig and iwlist
- Terms and Utilities:
- /sbin/route
- /sbin/ifconfig
- /sbin/ip
- /usr/sbin/arp
- /sbin/iwconfig
- /sbin/iwlist
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Utilities to manipulate routing tables
- Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
- Utilities to analyze the status of the network devices
- Utilities to monitor and analyze the TCP/IP traffic
- Terms and Utilities:
- /sbin/route
- /sbin/ifconfig
- /bin/netstat
- /bin/ping
- /usr/sbin/arp
- /usr/sbin/tcpdump
- /usr/sbin/lsof
- /usr/bin/nc
- /sbin/ip
- nmap
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Troubleshooting Network Issues
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Location and content of access restriction files
- Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
- Utilities to manage routing tables
- Utilities to list network states.
- Utilities to gain information about the network configuration
- Methods of information about the recognized and used hardware devices
- System initialization files and their contents (SysV init process)
- Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration
- Terms and Utilities:
- /sbin/ifconfig
- /sbin/route
- /bin/netstat
- /etc/network/, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
- /bin/ping
- System log files such as /var/log/syslog & /var/log/messages
- /etc/resolv.conf
- /etc/hosts
- /etc/hostname, /etc/HOSTNAME
- /bin/hostname
- /usr/sbin/traceroute
- /bin/dmesg
- /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny
- Key Knowledge Areas:
System Maintenance
- Make and install programs from source
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities
- Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs
- Apply parameters to a configure script
- Know where sources are stored by default
- Terms and Utilities:
- /usr/src/
- gunzip
- gzip
- bzip2
- tar
- configure
- make
- uname
- install
- patch
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Backup operations
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Knowledge about directories that have to be include in backups
- Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula and BackupPC
- Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media
- Perform partial and manual backups
- Verify the integrity of backup files
- Partially or fully restore backups
- Terms and Utilities:
- /bin/sh
- dd
- tar
- /dev/st* and /dev/nst*
- mt
- rsync
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Notify users on system- related issues
- Key Knowledge Areas:
- Automate communication with users through logon messages
- Inform active users of system maintenance
- Terms and Utilities:
- /etc/issue
- /etc/issue.net
- /etc/motd
- wall
- /sbin/shutdown
- Key Knowledge Areas: