LPIC2-201 (temario)

Capacity Planning

  • Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Measure CPU usage
      • Measure memory usage
      • Measure disk I/O
      • Measure network I/O
      • Measure firewalling and routing throughput
      • Map client bandwidth usage
      • Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems
      • Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking
    • The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
      • iostat
      • netstat
      • w
      • top
      • sar
      • processes blocked on I/O
      • blocks out
      • vmstat
      • pstree, ps
      • Isof
      • uptime
      • swap
      • blocks in
  • Predict Future Resource Needs
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Use collectd to monitor IT infrastructure usage
      • Predict capacity break point of a configuration
      • Observe growth rate of capacity usage
      • Graph the trend of capacity usage
      • Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Nagios, MRTG and Cacti
    • The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
      • diagnose
      • predict growth
      • resource exhaustion

Linux Kernel

  • Kernel Components
    • Key Knowledge Areas
      • Kernel 2.6.x documentation
      • Kernel 3.x documentation
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /usr/src/linux/
      • zImage
      • /usr/src/linux/Documentation/
      • bzImage
  • Compiling a kernel
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • /usr/src/linux/
      • Kernel Makefiles
      • Kernel 2.6.x/3.x make targets
      • Customize the current kernel configuration.
      • Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
      • Install a new kernel and any modules.
      • Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
      • Module configuration files
      • Awareness of dracut
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • mkinitrd
      • mkinitramfs
      • make
      • bzip2
      • make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg)
      • gzip
      • module tool
      • /usr/src/linux/.confi
      • /lib/modules/kernel-version/
      • depmod
  • Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules
      • Manually load and unload kernel modules
      • Determine when modules can be unloaded
      • Determine what parameters a module accepts
      • Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
      • /proc filesystem
      • Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
      • Tools and utilities to analyze information about the available hardware
      • udev rules
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep
      • module configuration files in /etc/
      • /proc/sys/kernel/
      • /sbin/depmod
      • /sbin/rmmod
      • /sbin/modinfo
      • /bin/dmesg
      • /sbin/lspci
      • /usr/bin/lsdev
      • /sbin/lsmod
      • /sbin/modprobe
      • /sbin/insmod
      • /bin/uname
      • /usr/bin/lsusb
      • /etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/
      • /sbin/sysctl
      • udevmonitor
      • udevadm monitor
      • /etc/udev/

System Startup

  • Customizing SysV- init system startup
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)
      • SysV init environment
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /etc/inittab
      • /etc/init.d/
      • /etc/rc.d/
      • chkconfig
      • update-rc.d
      • init and telinit
  • System Recovery
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • GRUB version 2 and Legacy
      • Grub shell
      • Boot loader start and hand off to kernel
      • Kernel loading
      • Hardware initialization and setup
      • Daemon/service initialization and setup
      • Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device
      • Overwriting standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells
      • Awareness of UEFI
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • mount
      • fsck
      • inittab, telinit and init with SysV init
      • the contents of /boot/ and /boot/grub/
      • GRUB
      • grub-install
      • initrd, initramfs
      • Master boot record
  • Alternate Bootloaders
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • LILO
      • SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX
      • Understanding of PXE
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • lilo, /etc/lilo.conf
      • syslinux
      • extlinux
      • isolinux.bin
      • isolinux.cfg
      • pxelinux.0
      • pxelinux.cfg/

Filesystem and Devices

  • Operating the Linux filesystem
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • The concept of the fstab configuration
      • Tools and utilities for handling SWAP partitions and files
      • Use of UUIDs
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /etc/fstab
      • /etc/mtab
      • /proc/mounts
      • mount and umount
      • sync
      • swapon
      • swapoff
  • Maintaining a Linux filesystem
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
      • Tools and utilities to manipulate xfs
      • Awareness of Btrfs
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • fsck (fsck.*)
      • mkfs (mkfs.*)
      • dumpe2fs, xfsdump, xfsrestore
      • debugfs
      • tune2fs
      • mkswap
      • xfs_info, xfs_check and xfs_repair
      • smartd, smartctl
  • Creating and configuring filesystem options
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • autofs configuration files
      • UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
      • Awareness of CD-ROM filesystems (UDF, ISO9660, HFS)
      • Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
      • Basic feature knowledge of encrypted filesystems
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /etc/auto.master
      • /etc/auto.[dir]
      • mkisofs

Advanced Storage Device Administration

  • Configuring RAID
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Software raid configuration files and utilities
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • mdadm.conf
      • mdadm
      • /proc/mdstat
      • partition type 0xFD
  • Adjusting Storage Device Access
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
      • Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyze system resources (e.g. interrupts)
      • Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
      • Tools and utilities for iSCSI
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • hdparm, sdparm
      • tune2fs
      • sysctl
      • /dev/hd*, /dev/sd*
      • iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf
      • WWID, WWN, LUN numbers
  • Logical Volume Manager
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Tools in the LVM suite
      • Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
      • Creating and maintaining snapshots
      • Activating volume groups
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /sbin/pv*
      • /sbin/lv*
      • /sbin/vg*
      • mount
      • /dev/mapper/

Networking Configuration

  • Basic networking configuration
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
      • Configuring basic access to wireless networks with iw, iwconfig and iwlist
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /sbin/route
      • /sbin/ifconfig
      • /sbin/ip
      • /usr/sbin/arp
      • /sbin/iwconfig
      • /sbin/iwlist
  • Advanced Network Configuration and Troubleshooting
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Utilities to manipulate routing tables
      • Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
      • Utilities to analyze the status of the network devices
      • Utilities to monitor and analyze the TCP/IP traffic
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /sbin/route
      • /sbin/ifconfig
      • /bin/netstat
      • /bin/ping
      • /usr/sbin/arp
      • /usr/sbin/tcpdump
      • /usr/sbin/lsof
      • /usr/bin/nc
      • /sbin/ip
      • nmap
  • Troubleshooting Network Issues
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Location and content of access restriction files
      • Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
      • Utilities to manage routing tables
      • Utilities to list network states.
      • Utilities to gain information about the network configuration
      • Methods of information about the recognized and used hardware devices
      • System initialization files and their contents (SysV init process)
      • Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /sbin/ifconfig
      • /sbin/route
      • /bin/netstat
      • /etc/network/, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
      • /bin/ping
      • System log files such as /var/log/syslog & /var/log/messages
      • /etc/resolv.conf
      • /etc/hosts
      • /etc/hostname, /etc/HOSTNAME
      • /bin/hostname
      • /usr/sbin/traceroute
      • /bin/dmesg
      • /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny

System Maintenance

  • Make and install programs from source
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities
      • Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs
      • Apply parameters to a configure script
      • Know where sources are stored by default
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /usr/src/
      • gunzip
      • gzip
      • bzip2
      • tar
      • configure
      • make
      • uname
      • install
      • patch
  • Backup operations
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Knowledge about directories that have to be include in backups
      • Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula and BackupPC
      • Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media
      • Perform partial and manual backups
      • Verify the integrity of backup files
      • Partially or fully restore backups
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /bin/sh
      • dd
      • tar
      • /dev/st* and /dev/nst*
      • mt
      • rsync
  • Notify users on system- related issues
    • Key Knowledge Areas:
      • Automate communication with users through logon messages
      • Inform active users of system maintenance
    • Terms and Utilities:
      • /etc/issue
      • /etc/issue.net
      • /etc/motd
      • wall
      • /sbin/shutdown